Kata Kerja adalah bagian inti dari Tenses Bahasa
Inggris. Kata kerja atau Verb pada rumus-rumus Tenses di blog ini, Kata kerja
atau Verb ini sering saya singkat V saja. Jadi kalau V+ing artinya sama dengan
Verb+ing, sering juga saya tulis sebagai “Ving” saja agar mudah.
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Kata kerja dalam bahasa Inggris ada banyak bentuknya:
V1, V2, V3, Ving.
Kata Kerja bentuk 1 atau saya singkat V1, yaitu kata
kerja dasar, seperti: drink, go, write, read, participate, learn, study, dan
sebagainya. Ada kata kerja bentuk ke 2, sering saya singkat V2. Kata kerja
bentuk 3 ya V3. Serta Kata Kerja bentuk ING atau saya singkat Ving. Bagaimana cara
menggunakan bentuk-bentuk kata kerja tersebut? Ada di masing-masing pelajaran
Tenses Bahasa Inggris.
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Perubahan Bentuk Kata Kerja
Perubahan bentuk Kata Kerja bentuk 1 (V1) ke bentuk
kedua (V2) dan bentuk ke 3 (V2) ada yang beraturan (ada rumusnya) dan ada juga
yang tidak beraturan (tidak ada rumusnya). Wah memamg inilah yang membuat
bahasa Inggris ini menjadi rumit bagi kita orang Indonesia, haha.
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Kata Kerja Beraturan (Regular Verb):
Artinya ya mempunyai keteraturan bentuknya, ada
rumusnya misalnya ditambah “D” atau “ED” seperti: live – lived – lived, play,
played, played.
Walaupun ada aturannya tetapi aturan perubahan
tersebut masih ada beberapa. Daftar kata kerja beraturan ini pun panjang
sekali. Saya sarankan Anda mempunyai buku Grammar Bahasa Inggris walaupun yang
kecil dan sederhana, biasanya ada di sana. Memang Anda mau menulsinya disini
satu per satu?.
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Kata Kerja TIDAK Beraturan (Irregular Verb):
Misalnya kata kerja “drink” berturut-turut untuk
bentuk ke 1 sampai 3: drink-drank-drunk. Satu contoh lain lagi:
break-broke-broken
Masih ingat V1, V2, V3 dan Ving? Jangan lupa apa itu
artinya ya, karena akan sering dipergunakan dalam setiap tenses bahasa
inggris
1. Present Tense (Waktu Sekarang)
a. Simple Present Tense (Waktu Sekarang Sederhana)
Rumus :
+ } S + V1 + O/C
- } S + Do/does + not + V1 + O/C
? } Do/does + S + V1 + O/C
Example :
+ } Sisca Reads book everyday
- } Sisca does not Read book everyday
? } does Sisca Read book everyday
Yes He does / No He does not (doesn’t)
For I, We, You, They = do
He, She, It = Does
Contoh kalimat :
(+) She is a new people here.
(+) He plays football every morning
(-) She isn’t a new people here.
(-) He does not playing football every morning.
(?) Is she a new people here?
(?) How playing football every morning?
b. Present Continuous Tense (Waktu Berlangsung
Sekarang)
Menerangkan suatu perbuatan yabg sedang
berlangsungpada waktu sekarang.
Rumus :
+ } S + Be + V1 + ing +
O/C
>> + } They
are playing badmintoon now
- } S + Be + not + V1 + ing + O/C >>
– } They are not playing badmintoon now
? } Be + S + V1 + ing +
O/C
>> ? } Are
they palaying badmintoon now ?
Yes They are / no they are not
For I = am
They, we, you = are
He, She, It = Is
Contoh dalam kalimat :
(+) He is playing badminton now
(-) He isn’t playing badminton now.
(?) Is he playing badminton now.
c. Present Perfect Tense (Waktu Sempurna Sekarang)
Rumus :
subject+auxiliary verb+main verb
Contoh :
(+) you have eaten mine.
(-) she has not been to Rome
(?) have you finished?
d. Present Perfect Continuous Tense (Waktu Berlangsung
Sempurna Sekarang)
Rumus :
(+): S +
have/has + been + Ving
(-): S +
have/has + not + been + Ving
(?):
Have/has + S + been + Ving
Contoh :
(+) She has been going to Malang since evening.
(+) We have been riding a horse for three days
(-) She hasn’t been going to Malang since evening.
(-) We haven’t been riding a horse for three days.
(?) Has she been going to Malang ?
(?) Have He been riding a horse for three days ?
2. Past Tense (Waktu Lampau)
a. Simple Past Tense (Waktu Lampau Sederhana)
Rumus :
+} S+Be+Was/Were+O/C
-} S+Be+Was/Were+not+O/C
?} Be+Was/Were+ S+O/C
Example :
+} We were at school yesterday
-} We were not at school yesterday
?} were we at school yesterday ?
For I, He, She, It = Was
They, we, you = were
Contoh :
(+ ) I saw a good film last night
( +) He came here last month
(-) I did not see a good film last night
(-) He didn’t come last month
(?) Did I see a good film last night
(?) Did He come here last month
b. Past Continuous Tense (Waktu Berlangsung Lampau)
Rumus :
(+): S +
was/were + Ving
(-): S +
was/were + NOT + Ving
(?):
Was/Were + S + Ving
Contoh :
(+) He was watching television all afternoon last week
(+) They were talking about sport when I met him
(-) He wasn’t watching television all afternoon last
week
(-) They weren’t talking about sport when I met him
(?) Was He watching television all afternoon last week
(?) Were they talking about sport when I met him
c. Past Perfect Tense (Waktu Sempurna Lampau)
Rumus :
subject+auxiliary verb HAVE+main verb
(+): S + had
+ V3
(-): S + had
+ not + V3
(?): Had + S
+ V3
Contoh :
(+) When my brother arrived , I had painted my motor
cycle
(+) The ship had left before I arrived
(-) When my brother arrived , I hadn’t painted my motor
cycle
(-) The ship hadn’t left before I arrived
(?) Had I my motor cycle , when my brother arrived ?
(?) Had the ship left before I arrived?
d. Past Perfect Continuous Tense (Waktu Berlangsung
Sempurna Lampau)
Rumus :
subject+auxiliary verb HAVE+auxiliary verb BE+main
verb
Contoh :
(+) They had been living there for two month
(+) When they washed my drees , your father had been
playing badminton
(-) They hadn’t been living there for two month
(-) When they washed my dress , your father hadn’t
been playing badminton
(?) Had they been living there for two month?
(?) When they washed my dress , had your father been
playing badminton ?
3. Future Tense (Akan Datang)
a. Simple Future Tense (Waktu Akan Datang Sederhana)
Rumus :
subject+auxiliary verb WILL+main verb
Contoh :
(+) I will visit to yogyakarta tomorrow.
(+) he will met girl friend by seven o’clock
(?) Will he go to America next month?
(+) President shall at Nederland the day after
tomorrow.
(-) President shall not at Nederland the day after
tomorrow.
(?) Shall President at Nederland the day after
tomorrow?
b. Future Continuous Tense (Waktu Berlangsung Akan
Datang)
Rumus :
subject+auxiliary verb WILL+auxiliary verb BE+main
verb
Contoh :
(+) I will be writing a comic.
(+) I will be studying tomorrow night.
(-) I will not writing a comic.
(-) I will not be studying tomorrow night.
(?) Will I be writing a comic ?
(?) Will I be studying tomorrow night ?
c. Future Perfect Tense (Waktu Sempurna Akan Datang)
Rumus :
subject+auxiliary verb WILL+auxiliary verb HAVE+main
verb
Contoh :
(+) Iwill havefinishedby 10am.
(+) Youwill haveforgottenme by then.
(-) Shewillnothavegoneto school.
(-) Wewillnothaveleft.
(?) Willyou havearrived?
(?) Willthey havereceivedit?
d. Future Perfect Continuous Tense (Waktu Berlangsung
Sempurna Akan Datang)
Rumus :
subject+auxiliary verb WILL+auxiliary verb
HAVE+auxiliary verb BE+main verb
Contoh :
(+) I will have been reading a news paper.
(+) He will have been listening music.
(-) I will haven’t been reading a news paper.
(-) He will haven’t listening a music.
(?) Will I have been riding a news paper ?
(?) Will He have listening a music ?
4. Past Future Tense (Akan Datang Di Waktu Lampau)
a. Past Future Tense (Waktu Akan Datang Di Waktu
Lampau)
Rumus :
Positif: S + would + V1
Negatif: S + would + not + V1
Tanya: Would + S + V1
Contoh :
(+) He would come if you invited him.
(+) They would buy a home the previous day.
(-) He wouldn’t come if invited him.
(-) They wouldn’t buy a home the previous day.
(?) Would He come if invited him ?
(?) Would they buy a home the previous day ?
b. Past Future Continuous Tense (Waktu Akan Sedang
Terjadi Diwaktu Lampau)
Rumus :
Positif: S +
would + be + Ving
Negatif: S +
would + not + be + Ving
Tanya: Would
+ S + be + Ving
Contoh :
(+) I should be swimming at this time the following
day.
(+) I shall be sliping at 10 o’clock tomorrow.
(-) I shouldn’t be swimming at this time the following
day.
(-) I shalln’t be sleeping at 10 o’clock tomorrow.
(?) Shall I be swimming at this time the following day
?
(?) Shall I be sleeping at10 o’clock tomorrow ?
c. Past Future Perfect Tense (Waktu Akan Sudah Selesai
Di Waktu Lampau)
Rumus :
Positif: S +
would + have + V3
Negatif: S +
would + not + have + V3
Tanya: Would
+ S + have + V3
Contoh :
(+) He would have graduated if he had studies hard.
(+) Nonok will have studied moth by the end of this
week.
(-) He wouldn’t have gone if he had met his darling
(-) Nonok will have not studied month by the end of
this week
(?) Would He have gone if he had met his darling ?
(?) Will Nonok have studied month by the end of this
week ?
d. Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense
(Waktu Yang Sudah Sedang Berlangsung Pada Waktu
Lampau)
Rumus :
Positif: S +
would + have + been + Ving
Negatif: S +
would + not + have + been + Ving
Tanya: Would
+ S + have + been + Ving
Contoh :
Rianawati would have been speaking English for two
years
(+) Mrs. Anisa Munif would have been walking here for
seventeen years
(+) Rianawati would have been speaking English for two
years
(-) Mrs. Anisa Munif wouldn’t have been walking here
for seventeen year
(-) Rianawati wouldn’t have been speaking English for
two years
(?) Would Mrs. Anisa Munif have been walking here for
seventeen years?
(?) Would Rianawati have been speaking English for two
years?
(sumber: nurulayuputri.blogspot.com
